Integrand size = 28, antiderivative size = 310 \[ \int \frac {x^3 \left (c+d x+e x^2+f x^3\right )}{\left (a+b x^4\right )^2} \, dx=-\frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{4 b \left (a+b x^4\right )}+\frac {e \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {a} b^{3/2}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d+3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d+3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \arctan \left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d-3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d-3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}} \]
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Time = 0.19 (sec) , antiderivative size = 310, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 14, number of rules used = 10, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.357, Rules used = {1837, 1890, 281, 211, 1182, 1176, 631, 210, 1179, 642} \[ \int \frac {x^3 \left (c+d x+e x^2+f x^3\right )}{\left (a+b x^4\right )^2} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right ) \left (3 \sqrt {a} f+\sqrt {b} d\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}+1\right ) \left (3 \sqrt {a} f+\sqrt {b} d\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d-3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d-3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}+\frac {e \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {a} b^{3/2}}-\frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{4 b \left (a+b x^4\right )} \]
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Rule 210
Rule 211
Rule 281
Rule 631
Rule 642
Rule 1176
Rule 1179
Rule 1182
Rule 1837
Rule 1890
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{4 b \left (a+b x^4\right )}+\frac {\int \frac {d+2 e x+3 f x^2}{a+b x^4} \, dx}{4 b} \\ & = -\frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{4 b \left (a+b x^4\right )}+\frac {\int \left (\frac {2 e x}{a+b x^4}+\frac {d+3 f x^2}{a+b x^4}\right ) \, dx}{4 b} \\ & = -\frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{4 b \left (a+b x^4\right )}+\frac {\int \frac {d+3 f x^2}{a+b x^4} \, dx}{4 b}+\frac {e \int \frac {x}{a+b x^4} \, dx}{2 b} \\ & = -\frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{4 b \left (a+b x^4\right )}+\frac {e \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a+b x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{4 b}+\frac {\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} d}{\sqrt {a}}-3 f\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}-b x^2}{a+b x^4} \, dx}{8 b^2}+\frac {\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} d}{\sqrt {a}}+3 f\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}+b x^2}{a+b x^4} \, dx}{8 b^2} \\ & = -\frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{4 b \left (a+b x^4\right )}+\frac {e \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {a} b^{3/2}}+\frac {\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} d}{\sqrt {a}}+3 f\right ) \int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt {a}}{\sqrt {b}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+x^2} \, dx}{16 b^2}+\frac {\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} d}{\sqrt {a}}+3 f\right ) \int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt {a}}{\sqrt {b}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+x^2} \, dx}{16 b^2}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d-3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt {a}}{\sqrt {b}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b}}-x^2} \, dx}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d-3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}-2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt {a}}{\sqrt {b}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b}}-x^2} \, dx}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}} \\ & = -\frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{4 b \left (a+b x^4\right )}+\frac {e \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {a} b^{3/2}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d-3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d-3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d+3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d+3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}} \\ & = -\frac {c+d x+e x^2+f x^3}{4 b \left (a+b x^4\right )}+\frac {e \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {a} b^{3/2}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d+3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d+3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d-3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {b} d-3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{3/4} b^{7/4}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 294, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.95 \[ \int \frac {x^3 \left (c+d x+e x^2+f x^3\right )}{\left (a+b x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {-\frac {8 b^{3/4} (c+x (d+x (e+f x)))}{a+b x^4}-\frac {2 \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {b} d+4 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} e+3 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {a} f\right ) \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{a^{3/4}}+\frac {2 \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {b} d-4 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} e+3 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {a} f\right ) \arctan \left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{a^{3/4}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \left (-\sqrt {b} d+3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{a^{3/4}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \left (\sqrt {b} d-3 \sqrt {a} f\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{b} x+\sqrt {b} x^2\right )}{a^{3/4}}}{32 b^{7/4}} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 1.55 (sec) , antiderivative size = 82, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.26
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {-\frac {f \,x^{3}}{4 b}-\frac {e \,x^{2}}{4 b}-\frac {d x}{4 b}-\frac {c}{4 b}}{b \,x^{4}+a}+\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4} b +a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (3 f \,\textit {\_R}^{2}+2 e \textit {\_R} +d \right ) \ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{3}}}{16 b^{2}}\) | \(82\) |
default | \(\frac {-\frac {f \,x^{3}}{4 b}-\frac {e \,x^{2}}{4 b}-\frac {d x}{4 b}-\frac {c}{4 b}}{b \,x^{4}+a}+\frac {\frac {d \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}\, \left (\ln \left (\frac {x^{2}+\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {\frac {a}{b}}}{x^{2}-\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {\frac {a}{b}}}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}+1\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}-1\right )\right )}{8 a}+\frac {e \arctan \left (x^{2} \sqrt {\frac {b}{a}}\right )}{\sqrt {a b}}+\frac {3 f \sqrt {2}\, \left (\ln \left (\frac {x^{2}-\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {\frac {a}{b}}}{x^{2}+\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {\frac {a}{b}}}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}+1\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}-1\right )\right )}{8 b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}}{4 b}\) | \(273\) |
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 3.58 (sec) , antiderivative size = 122993, normalized size of antiderivative = 396.75 \[ \int \frac {x^3 \left (c+d x+e x^2+f x^3\right )}{\left (a+b x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {x^3 \left (c+d x+e x^2+f x^3\right )}{\left (a+b x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
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Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 294, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.95 \[ \int \frac {x^3 \left (c+d x+e x^2+f x^3\right )}{\left (a+b x^4\right )^2} \, dx=-\frac {f x^{3} + e x^{2} + d x + c}{4 \, {\left (b^{2} x^{4} + a b\right )}} + \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {b} d - 3 \, \sqrt {a} f\right )} \log \left (\sqrt {b} x^{2} + \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {a}\right )}{a^{\frac {3}{4}} b^{\frac {3}{4}}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {b} d - 3 \, \sqrt {a} f\right )} \log \left (\sqrt {b} x^{2} - \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {a}\right )}{a^{\frac {3}{4}} b^{\frac {3}{4}}} + \frac {2 \, {\left (\sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {3}{4}} d + 3 \, \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {3}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} f - 4 \, \sqrt {a} \sqrt {b} e\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, \sqrt {b} x + \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}}}\right )}{a^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}} b^{\frac {3}{4}}} + \frac {2 \, {\left (\sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {3}{4}} d + 3 \, \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {3}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} f + 4 \, \sqrt {a} \sqrt {b} e\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, \sqrt {b} x - \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}}}\right )}{a^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}} b^{\frac {3}{4}}}}{32 \, b} \]
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Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 300, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.97 \[ \int \frac {x^3 \left (c+d x+e x^2+f x^3\right )}{\left (a+b x^4\right )^2} \, dx=-\frac {f x^{3} + e x^{2} + d x + c}{4 \, {\left (b x^{4} + a\right )} b} + \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {a b} b^{2} e + \left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{2} d + 3 \, \left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} f\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, x + \sqrt {2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{16 \, a b^{4}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {a b} b^{2} e + \left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{2} d + 3 \, \left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} f\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, x - \sqrt {2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{16 \, a b^{4}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{2} d - 3 \, \left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt {2} x \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {\frac {a}{b}}\right )}{32 \, a b^{4}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{2} d - 3 \, \left (a b^{3}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt {2} x \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {\frac {a}{b}}\right )}{32 \, a b^{4}} \]
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Time = 9.24 (sec) , antiderivative size = 559, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.80 \[ \int \frac {x^3 \left (c+d x+e x^2+f x^3\right )}{\left (a+b x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\left (\sum _{k=1}^4\ln \left (\frac {x\,\left (2\,e^3-3\,d\,e\,f\right )}{16\,b}-\frac {3\,b\,d^2\,f-4\,b\,d\,e^2+27\,a\,f^3}{64\,b^2}-\mathrm {root}\left (65536\,a^3\,b^7\,z^4+3072\,a^2\,b^4\,d\,f\,z^2+2048\,a^2\,b^4\,e^2\,z^2+1152\,a^2\,b^2\,e\,f^2\,z-128\,a\,b^3\,d^2\,e\,z-48\,a\,b\,d\,e^2\,f+18\,a\,b\,d^2\,f^2+16\,a\,b\,e^4+81\,a^2\,f^4+b^2\,d^4,z,k\right )\,\left (3\,a\,e\,f+\frac {b\,d^2\,x}{4}-\frac {9\,a\,f^2\,x}{4}+\mathrm {root}\left (65536\,a^3\,b^7\,z^4+3072\,a^2\,b^4\,d\,f\,z^2+2048\,a^2\,b^4\,e^2\,z^2+1152\,a^2\,b^2\,e\,f^2\,z-128\,a\,b^3\,d^2\,e\,z-48\,a\,b\,d\,e^2\,f+18\,a\,b\,d^2\,f^2+16\,a\,b\,e^4+81\,a^2\,f^4+b^2\,d^4,z,k\right )\,a\,b^2\,d\,4-\mathrm {root}\left (65536\,a^3\,b^7\,z^4+3072\,a^2\,b^4\,d\,f\,z^2+2048\,a^2\,b^4\,e^2\,z^2+1152\,a^2\,b^2\,e\,f^2\,z-128\,a\,b^3\,d^2\,e\,z-48\,a\,b\,d\,e^2\,f+18\,a\,b\,d^2\,f^2+16\,a\,b\,e^4+81\,a^2\,f^4+b^2\,d^4,z,k\right )\,a\,b^2\,e\,x\,8\right )\right )\,\mathrm {root}\left (65536\,a^3\,b^7\,z^4+3072\,a^2\,b^4\,d\,f\,z^2+2048\,a^2\,b^4\,e^2\,z^2+1152\,a^2\,b^2\,e\,f^2\,z-128\,a\,b^3\,d^2\,e\,z-48\,a\,b\,d\,e^2\,f+18\,a\,b\,d^2\,f^2+16\,a\,b\,e^4+81\,a^2\,f^4+b^2\,d^4,z,k\right )\right )-\frac {\frac {c}{4\,b}+\frac {e\,x^2}{4\,b}+\frac {f\,x^3}{4\,b}+\frac {d\,x}{4\,b}}{b\,x^4+a} \]
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